Privacy & Security Engineering Handbook

We live in a world where automated information processing is part of our everyday life. In many cases, the information that these software systems process belong to individuals, it is personal data.

What Is Privacy?

We will rely on the following basic definition of privacy in this handbook1:

Privacy is the ability of an individual or group to seclude themselves or information about themselves, and thereby express themselves selectively.

While this definition seems rather broad on first reading, it immediately allows us to derive several rights that a person needs to possess in order to ensure her privacy: For example, she can only seclude information about herself if she knows that this information exists, what it is comprised of and how, by whom and for what it is used. In addition of knowing about how her information is processed, she also needs to have the agency to request that specific information about her is no longer processed or that it even is deleted.

Privacy Laws

The idea of privacy alone is not very useful without a way to enforce it. Over the last decades, many laws have been introduced to formalize the right to privacy and integrate it into a formal legal framework. Privacy legislation is still a very young field: The first dedicated privacy law was introduced less than 50 years ago, in 1973's Sweden2. In the years after that, many other countries passed privacy laws. It is no coincidence that these laws came up around the time that computer-based information processing became widespread: With more and more personal and sensitive information being processed by software-based systems, the need to control this processing quickly became obvious. Therefore we can safely assume that privacy laws will become more and more prevalent around the world and that they will keep evolving at a rapid pace to keep up with our exponentially evolving information processing abilities.

To accomodate the wide variety of privacy laws that exist today we have chosen the following approach in this book: In each section, we will first discuss a specific privacy-enhancing technique without without referring to a specific legal framework. Then, we will add sections for each specific privacy law we cover and explain the specific role of this technique within that law. Like this, you can pick just the sections that are relevant for you. Currently this handbook includes sections for the following privacy laws:

  • The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
  • The California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA)
  • The Singapore Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA)

We hope to include more laws in the future.

Engineeering Privacy

From these rights we can in turn derive a set of requirements for software systems that process personal information.

Our Privacy & Security Engineering Process